Klungkung Museum

History of Klungkung

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In the time of the kingdom, Klungkung became the center of government of the kings of Bali. King Klungkung is the direct heir and straight descendant of the Kresna Kepakisan Dynasty. Therefore, the history of Klungkung is closely related to the kings who reigned in Samprangan and Gelgel. During the reign of the Kepakisan Dynasty in Bali, there were twice the displacement of the royal center (1350-1908):

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The first from Samprangan to Gelgel – Swecapura takes place peacefully (14th century) with the ruling king: Dalem Ketut Nglesir, Dalem Waturenggong, Dalem Bekung, Dalem Segening, and Dalem Dimade.

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Second: the center of the kingdom moved from Gelgel – Swecapura to the center of Klungkung – Semarapura Kingdom 17th – 20th century with King Dewa Agung Jambe, Dewa Agung Made, Dewa Agung Di Madya, Sri Agung Sakti, Sri Agung Putra Kusamba, and Kania Supreme Gods.

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The Kingdom of Klungkung Bali has successfully achieved its heyday and golden glory in the fields of government, customs and art culture in the 14th-17th century under Dalem Waturenggong’s rule with the royal center in Keraton Gelgel – Swecapura has territory to Lombok and Blambangan. The war of Puputan Klungkung when the center of the kingdom of Klungkung already in the palace Semarapura.

War Kusamba

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In fact, I Dewa Agung Putra run the government of the palace which was later named Kusanegara it. At that point, practically Kusamba became the center of the second government of Klungkung Kingdom. The transfer of the central government inevitably contributed to the progress of Kusamba as a port that was then equivalent to other royal ports in Bali such as Kuta.

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Kusamba’s name grew as the political tension intensified between I Dewa Agung Istri Kanya as the ruler of Klungkung with the Dutch in the mid-19th century. Until finally ruptured an important war event in the history of Balinese heroism, Kusamba War that reap a landslide victory by successfully killing the Dutch generals full of achievements, General AV Michiels.

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Klungkung itself lost about 800 Klungkung soldiers including 1000 people injured. However, the Kusamba War inevitably became a resounding victory for successfully killing a Dutch general. It is very rare that the Netherlands lost its warlord let alone Michels has won the war in seven regions.

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Although finally on June 10, 1849, Kusamba fell back into Dutch hands in the second attack led by Lieutenant Colonel Van Swieten, the Kusamba War was an unworthy feat. Not only the death of General Michels, the Kusamba War also shows the maturity of a clear strategy and attitude of Klungkung fighters. In Kusamba, the cries of struggle and bloodshed are not in vain. The Dutch themselves recognize the benefits of this Klungkung.

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Kusamba, a relatively large village east of Smarapura until the 18th century is better known as an important port of the Kingdom of Klungkung. The village that is full of weeds (kusa = Ilalang) that just appeared to the stage of Balinese politics history when King I Dewa Agung Putra built a palace in the village located on the coast.

Social System

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The kings who reigned until the last king of the Great God Jambe with his relatives who hold power on the one hand and Bagawanta on the other has a central position in the government in Klungkung, the central position of this leader group is reinforced by the existence of magical forms of belief.

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The belief in the magical powers and kitos of the leader is particularly prominent around the personal king, the Great God, who is considered the incarnation of Vishnu. Heritage objects such as kris, spear and cannon I Seliksik plays an important role in menamhbah the authority of the ruling king.

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The royal community in Klungkung shows the characteristic of the society in stages in accordance with the existing classes. It is in this socio-cultural situation that the elite group that leads grow and grow and influence in society. The very strong influence is evident in the role played by the political and religious elite can always be returned to the brahmin class.

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As a structural kingdom appears elements that interconnected in it. The relationship between the king’s leadership, the Great God as the incarnation of Vishnu (gusti) with the people (kaula) or bagawanta with the king and his people sisya. Social stratification influenced by Hinduism with a division similar to that of Indian castes.

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Royal traditions such as: coral reef, mesatia, king coronation, relationships with other kingdoms, cooperation between the Balinese kingdoms in the face of external enemies, the relationship of the kingdom of Klungkung with the Dutch East Indies government. Majapahit traditions such as the palace heirlooms such as kris and spear, the origin of the king’s descendants from Majapahit.

Kings of Klungkung

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Dewa Agung Putra I
(Dewa Agung Putra Kusamba) King of Klungkung V
Dewa Agung Sakti as the fourth king of Klungkung, was succeeded by his son, Dewa Agung Putra I (Dewa Agung Putra Kusamba)

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The Supreme God of Raja Klungkung III
After the end of the reign of Dewa Agung Made, he was succeeded by his son named Dewa Agung Dimadya as king III of Klungkung Kingdom. Just like his father, the information about this government is also very little information.

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Dewa Agung Sakti Raja Klungkung IV
Historical sources mentioning the rule of Dewa Agung Sakti as King of Klungkung IV are also hard to find. What is clear is that he is the son of the Supreme God of Dimadya. Perhaps during the reign of the slightly informed kings of Klungkung, it indicated that his role was not particularly prominent. And probably also because at this time the state is very stable.

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Dewa Agung Made Raja Klungkung II
Dewa Agung Made was the son of Dewa Agung Jambe who was crowned as king II in Keraton Smarajaya Klungkung, but the information about the government of the Great God Made is almost never written. What is clear based on the evidence of the successor of authority, reflects that this king can hold the reins of government well.

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Dewa Agung Putra I
(Dewa Agung Putra Kusamba) King of Klungkung V
Dewa Agung Sakti as the fourth king of Klungkung, was succeeded by his son, Dewa Agung Putra I (Dewa Agung Putra Kusamba)

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Dewa Agung Putra II
Dewa Agung Putra Balemas as the sixth king of Klungkung is the son of Lord Agung Kusamba. This King initiated the seed of conflict with the Dutch government, with the signing of a contract in 1841 AD

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The Great God of Kanya’s wife King Klungkung VII
The Great God of Kanya’s wife was the younger brother of Dewa Agung Putra Balemas, who finally waged Kusamba war events against Dutch intervention (May to July 1849). What stands out from this event is the courage of the Supreme God of Wife Kanya as a respected female king, and which led to the death of Gen. Michiels as one of the Dutch Company officials

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Agung Ktut Agung Raja Klungkung VIII
King of Klungkung to-8 this is the youngest son of God Agung Sakti. Before becoming a king, he was instrumental in helping the Supreme God of Kanya’s wife during the Kusamba war as Mangkubumi. With his courage once led the Klungkung army helped Buleleng in Jagaraga war in Den Hill.

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Dewa Agung Putra III (Betara Dalem Ring Rum) King of Klungkung IX
The history of King Klungkung to-9 is not much written in various sources of history. But clearly he is the only king of Klungkung who returns to Dalem.

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Dewa Agung Jambe king of Klungkung X
Dewa Agung Jambe is the last king of Klungkung (the son of Dalem Ring (Rum) who died and the whole family of the castle, the nobles, and the Klungkung army during the Puputan war against Dutch colonialism on 28 April 1908

Tourism

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Puri Agung Klungkung is a castle that has a spatial arrangement and beautiful and interesting architecture. Because of that, now Puri Agung Klungkung become one of the objects of Cultural Heritage found in Bali. In addition to the architectural aspects of the building, Puri Agung Klungkung serve as the object of Cultural Heritage because inside there are special message content and meaning.

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The special meaning that is contained in Puri Agung Klungkung is, Puri as a building and a shrine, Puri as the king’s place (and the king is believed to be a god incarnation), as well as Puri as the center of the kingdom and government.

The show

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Barong Dance is a traditional dance that is quite famous in Bali. besides having artistic value, Barong Dance also has spiritual meanings in it.

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Barong Dance is in addition to its sacred nature can also be entertainment for the community. For Barong Dance performed as part of the ceremony at Pura, it is usually done seriously. Because it deals with the spiritual meaning that there is so done sacredly.

Weaving

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Besides functioning as a ceremonial cloth, now endek fabrics became popular as a national shirt material. Songket cloth is also very popular in Balinese society. Songket is a technical term for adding a pattern to a material by filling an additional thread.

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There are two kinds of traditional ikat woven fabric (Endek) which the process of making using ATBM tool (loom instead of machine) and songket woven fabric with the process of weaving traditionally (cacag loom). Woven fabrics endek woven and songket woven fabric with natural dyes typical Klungkung regency is part of the art of beauty ikat looms that have been famous for a long time.

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This weaving activity still exist dilakoni, and is the main livelihood for the community Klungkung District. The type of weaving developed is the “natural color ikat weaving” contained in the village of Tegak, and “songket weave” in Gelgel village.

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The thread may be entered throughout the field or simply covering certain parts of a cloth. Weaving work has been done from generation to generation, from grandmother, mother to child and grandchildren. This craftsman plays more role in preserving and maintaining traditional cultural values, more conservative to the value of ancestral heritage.